The Tormented Genius of Edgar Allan Poe Essay - 2150 Words

It has been said that one cannot be truly great till they have experienced hardship. This, perhaps, is the reason that Edgar Allan Poe is thought to be one of the greatest story tellers in all of history. His life was not sprinkled with tragedy, but completely drowned in it. From the beginning of Poe’s life till the very end, he was, according to The Haunted Man by Phillip Lindsay, â€Å"born to live in nightmares† and that Poe’s life â€Å"might [as] well have been one of [Poe’s] own creations (Lindsay 2).† Death, hardship, and betrayal followed him wherever he travelled, causing him to become a depressed alcoholic along the way. It is widely believed by literary critics that â€Å"had he not been this tortured creature seeking a coffin for a†¦show more content†¦Along with his mother, his beloved wife Virginia was also stricken with the tuberculosis. The all too real pain of Virginia’s death appeared through the story, heavily in the first paragraph. James Hutchisson, the author of POE describes the passage as being â€Å"awash in blood,† pointing out that the words â€Å"red† â€Å"blood† or â€Å"bloody† were used six times in six different sentences in the first paragraph alone (Hutchisson 139). The prince’s death also signifies Poe’s belief that one cannot hide from death. In a critical essay by David R Dudley, he argues that â€Å"mortality was terrifying for Poe because death resists all cognition and ends all communication† and that â€Å"Prospero, much like Poe, tries to control death by fitting it into his own work (Dudley).† Prospero tries to block it out with his masquerade and red and black room, Poe controls it with his stories and poems; however, both fear death and both succumb to death eventually. In the opinion of Charles E. May, author of â€Å"Edgar Allan Poe: A Study of the Short Fiction,† Prospero has â€Å"[created] a plac e of art, by which he attempts to lock life, and thus death, outside (May 102),† in the same way that Poe attempted to lock death into his stories and away from his reality. However, in the end, death cannot be escaped. Poe ends â€Å"The Masque of the Red Death† by stating that â€Å"Darkness and Decay and the Red Death held illimitable dominionShow MoreRelatedThe Raven By Edgar Allan Poe964 Words   |  4 Pages Essay 1 In the poem â€Å"The Raven†, Edgar Allan Poe expresses a current state of drunkenness, drug use, and depression as existing in a dark and dreary prison like setting, tormented by the memories of a lost love. Poe’s literary career was undoubtedly influenced by the many tragedies he suffered in his life. These misfortunes are evident in the correlation between his characters in his writings and real life events. It is clear that Poe had a problematic life from a young age; he struggled with mentalRead MoreCriticism of Poe Essays1019 Words   |  5 PagesThough Edgar Allen Poe is most famous for his short mystery stories of the macabre and poetry, he is also known as one of the foremost figures in literary criticism. Poe alienated many of his colleagues due to the unyielding standards he demanded in the building of a worthy national literature, he is now credited for being one of the most influential figures in the advancement of literary traditions not only in America b ut in Europe as well, leaving an indubitable mark on the world of literatureRead More The Creation of Art and Life2275 Words   |  10 PagesLife for Edgar Allan Poe seems to help him build his literary creations of art, but contrary to that notion, Poe’s creations are what build his life. A complete mirror opposite of what has been theorized and proven. Think of this as the energy one puts out in to the world is the energy one will get back from the world. The death of loved ones, the scandals, and the brutal gossip mountains that encompass Poe’s life, help him to develop into a twisted mad man struggling to cope with no chance of gainingRead More The Creation of Art and Life2321 Words   |  10 Pages Life for Edgar Allan Poe seems to help him build his literary creations of art, but contrary to that notion, Poe’s creations are what build his life. A complete mirror opposite of what has been theorized and proven. Think of this as the energy one puts out in t o the world is the energy one will get back from the world. The death of loved ones, the scandals, and the brutal gossip mountains that encompass Poe’s life, help him to develop into a twisted mad man struggling to cope. Of course, there isRead MoreEssay Biography of Edgar Allan Poe3244 Words   |  13 PagesBiography of Edgar Allan Poe Edgar Allan Poe is a man who is considered to be a true American genius of our time, and by many, the personification of death. His works have been collected and celebrated for over a hundred years from this day. He was a man who’s dreary horror tales captured and frightened the minds of millions. Poe differed from most other acclaimed writers though. The readers of his work do not admire him because they fall in love with his characters or because his writing touchesRead More Big Heads and Short Tempers: Edgar Allan Poe in Context Essay2064 Words   |  9 PagesEdgar Allan Poe was the epitome of a tormented genius. He possessed uncontrollable and self-inflicted internal problems. In addition, Poe was plagued by external difficulties—some preventable, some not. Most doctors today would pronounce Poe to be bipolar, chronically depressed, and perhaps even OCD. Most people today, and any day, would declare Poe to be self-obsessed and arrogant, or—at the leastâ€⠀snobbish. His personal life would also be considered less than ideal, though how much he was personallyRead MoreWords to Describe Edgar Allen Poe Essay1683 Words   |  7 PagesWords to Describe Edgar Allen Poe Hoaxter, liar, impostor, and plagiarizer (45) are words Kaplan used to describe Edgar Allan Poe. Poe as he claimed to be, was the best when it came to deception and perversion. In living his life and even in his manner of negotiating death, Poe was a captive of the imp of perversity. But with art as his shield, the realms of perversity became a haven for his troubled soul. . . Perversion is a complex strategy of mind, with its unique principles for regulatingRead More An Analysis of the First Two Stanzas of Edgar Allan Poes The Raven877 Words   |  4 PagesAn Analysis of the First Two Stanzas of Edgar Allan Poes The Raven Picture yourself alone one night. You are sitting up in bed, your legs buried underneath your comforter while you read for what seems like the hundredth time that same paragraph from Franklin for your American Literature class, and trying to ignore the storm that is only getting stronger outside. Suddenly, the power goes out, and you only have candlelight to read by. The silence becomes deafening, and you watchRead More Edgar Allan Poes Writing Essay2378 Words   |  10 Pagesworks. In the gothic times, dark, threatening, horrific, morbid, depressing, bizarre, bewildering, death and insane are just some words that best describe the popular type of literature at that time. One man’s name can summarize these words, Edgar Allan Poe. He is considered to be one of the greatest obscure American authors/poets whom many literary scholars still try to make heads or tails of. People throughout the history often wondered why Poe’s writings are so fantastically div erse and unusualRead More Edgar Allan Poe Essay1718 Words   |  7 PagesEdgar Allan Poe was a 19th century American poet, author, and critic. Poe is often described as a rebel against society and art-for-arts sake supporter who experimented in making his poems without didacticism and devoid of any meaning, but he is also respected as a genius in terms of his commitment to art and his ability to experiment with various forms of expressions (Fromm 304). In my opinion, Poe was not a rebel because he remained true to himself. Although he was influenced by traditional artists

History Of Mental Illness And Associated Disorders Essay

The history of mental illness or associated disorders is one that I believe cannot be said to say that we have learned from our mistakes. While the saying â€Å"learn from the past, or we are doomed to repeat it† is one which seems to rarely apply in any political / social standpoint, so too does it rarely apply in mental illness stigmatisms. However despite the millennia which have passed for humans on this planet, we still know very little about certain mental disorders. While substantial progress has been made in the diagnosis and treatment of most illnesses, there are still a few practices, stereotypes, and behaviors associated to mental depravities. Looking into the past, references and dialogues of mental illness can be found throughout the ages. Interestingly, certain behaviors during different eras were considered abnormal or normal depending on the context surrounding the individual. In 2016 nearly anything is possible, but we are probably unlikely to see the return of bonnets and other pilgrim clothing. Yet this stark example highlights a trend in fashion, the cyclical nature of history doomed to repeat itself. Certain fads are appropriate, lose popularity, and then regain their former glory. So too are mental illnesses often scattered throughout history as being of extreme importance, to falling as little more than a nuisance. However, this cultural relativist view has become less and less regarded in the modern science era. Today, rather than diagnosing the mentallyShow MoreRelatedBipolar Disorder Is The Leading Cause Of Disability Worldwide Essay1438 Words   |  6 PagesBipolar disorder also known as manic depressive illness is a brain disorder that causes shifts in mood, energy, activity levels, and the ability to carry out everyday task (National Institute of Mental Health, 2016). Every year, 2.9% of the U.S population is diagnosed with bipolar disorder, with nearly 83% of causes being classified as severe (NAMI). According to Miller, Ghadiali, Larusso, Wahlen, Ani-Barron, Mittal, Greene (2015), bipolar disorder is the leading cause of disability worldwide. MostRead MoreMental Disorders Within The Criminal Population1357 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Mental illness has always had its place in history. For the people in today’s society, mental disorders are much easily treated allowing for a more normal living. Yet, not all individuals are able to be diagnosed with such disorders often causing negative behaviors. For low level offenders this is often the case. Nearly 20 percent of state and local jail detainees have a history of mental disorders; this percetage can increase considering that about 61.5 million adults are affectedRead MoreAnorexia Nervosa: Nursing Interventions1326 Words   |  5 Pagesmortality rate than any other psychological illness. 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Bipolar disorder, also known as manic-depressive illness, is a serious medical condition thatRead MoreMental Illness Is Nothing But Brain Illness1466 Words   |  6 PagesMental Illness is Nothing But Brain Illness Is there anything more frustrating than finding out that scientific theories that were considered great ideas back then if applied to today’s world should be tossed away? These theories are not a secret and I can go on and on; but similar to these scientific theories, there is a theory about the mental illness are brain illnesses. This is not true because a mental illness is referred to as â€Å"a wide range of mental health conditions that affects your moodRead MoreSuicidal Behavior And Suicidal Ideation1321 Words   |  6 Pagesideation continue to be recognized as significant health concerns among adolescents and you adults†. In fact, globally, suicide impacts adolescents making it the second leading cause of death. As a result, researchers continue examining aspects associated with suicide attempts fir preventative purposes. Furthermore, understanding the definition a suicide attempt in adolescents helps bring clarity to the importance of this issue. Anju and Sub ha define an adolescent suicide attempt as â€Å"am adolescentRead MoreMental Health Illnesses Have A Genetic Contribution1534 Words   |  7 PagesStudies revolving around twin and family history have been proving to show that mental health illnesses have a genetic contribution. Mental health professionals have long known that certain mental illnesses can run in families, due to the fact that most, the chance of obtaining schizophrenia or bipolar disorder with no genetic factor is around one perfect, as to where if someone has a close relative with a certain disorder, such as a parent or sibling, the risk factor jumps to around ten percentRead MoreWhat Is The Mental Health? Essay1628 Words   |  7 PagesWhat is the mental health? 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Profit free essay sample

Research Report Improving Productivity by Instituting a Compensation Plan Presented to: ABC Manufacturing, Human Resource Department Assessment Code: RWT1 Student Name: Student ID: Date: January 24, 2013 Mentor Name: Table of Contents Executive Summary3 Introduction5 Research Findings5 Performance-Based6 Profit Sharing7 Gainsharing8 Recommendations10 Conclusion10 References12 Executive Summary ABC Manufacturing Co. , Inc. is a small company with 120 full time employees. We produce aluminum doors and windows. Although we are highly successful, we find that it can be difficult to retain our valued employees. Human resources has decided to evaluate several compensation plans and see if any options exist that can help retain employment and improve productivity. It seems that all successful compensation plans have four main qualities: 1)Goals that are clear 2)Goals that are challenging and attainable 3)Regular feedback on job performance 4)Cooperation between employees and managers When deciding on possible options for the company to consider, these four factors were taken in to account. After investigating numerous compensation plans, I narrowed it down to three possibilities: 1) Performance-based 2) Profit sharing and 3) Gainsharing. Performance based compensation plans are monetary rewards that are based on individual performance. The performance norms are based on general ideas of what is acceptable for each job position no matter if the goal is too high or too low for the employees in that position. Bonuses are paid out on a regular basis. Each job goal can be easily manipulated by employees by downplaying job responsibility. This plan has a tendency to encourage risk taking by employees. It can be seen as acceptable to cut corners to increase bonus size. In my opinion this is not the appropriate plan for ABC Manufacturing Co. , Inc. Profit sharing is a plan that is based on the success of the company. The bonuses are funded through company profits and only when companies have profits. These bonuses are normally paid on an annual basis and the amount cannot be counted on from year to year. Employees have difficulty figuring out how to calculate their bonus and also how they can improve the possibility of company profits. It is found that this plan has little impact on employee behavior, which means that it would not affect productivity. Because of this I don’t believe that this is the appropriate choice for our company. Gainsharing is a plan that shares in company performance successes. It creates a partnership between the employees and the company and encourages an open communication between the two. The bonuses are paid monthly and calculated by using a specific formula that is created by management. Employees are educated on the formula and on the plan as a whole so that there are little to no questions about future pay and how to obtain it. This plan promotes employee involvement and because of this I believe that it is the plan for ABC Manufacturing Co. , Inc. We are looking for a plan that will improve productivity and will improve employee retention. By improving employee involvement within the company, you will increase the likely hood of retaining that employee. Since the plan is based on improved productivity, then we are almost guaranteed a success in that area. To get this success I believe that we must start with three steps: 1)Interview Employees 2)Create Formula )Educate Employees With a little time, effort and company-wide help, I believe that we can create an environment of openness, creativity and productivity. Introduction As a member of human resources in ABC Manufacturing Co. , Inc. , I have been asked to find a possible option for a company-wide compensation plan. I have also been asked to make a suggestion on which plan is most appropriate for our company and our company goals. At this time our compan y would like to save money by retaining our current employees and by increasing productivity. Research Findings Dave Ramsey has been known to say (2011), â€Å"What an organization spends money on is what they value† (p. 275). He also goes on to state that if you feel that your employees are a valuable part of the company, you need to pay them as if they are (Ramsey, 2011, p. 275). When an employee feels appreciated, they will have a longer, more productive career with the company. According to Ross Blake (2006), it is estimated that it can cost a company anywhere from 50% to 150% of an employee’s annual salary to replace them. If an employee makes $40,000 annually, it is estimated that it will cost $20,000-$60,000 to replace that employee. These amounts include recruiting, interviewing, orientation, training and loss of expertise (Blake, 2006). So what methods can we use to retain our valuable employees? It is believed that compensation plans are a legitimate way to express appreciation in employee’s productivity and efforts and an excellent way to retain employment. Some of the main reasons to institute a compensation plan are (Vivekanand, p. 2): OIncreased employee morale and motivation OImproved employee performance OIncreased employee productivity OEnhance employee efficiency OReduction in employee turnover OIncreased company commitment So what must one do to create a successful compensation and performance plan? There seem to be four areas that need to be present no matter what plan you chose. One of the first steps that must be considered is the clarity of the performance goals that the plan is based on. The employees must be able to understand what they are being judged on so that they can anticipate the results of their daily work. This means that there must be a written plan and everyone from management to manufacturing must be educated on this plan. This will ensure that there are few misunderstanding among employees and management. Another step is that the goals must be challenging. Create goals that allow employees to grow and feel accomplished once they reach the goals. An important part to a challenging goal is that it is attainable. If the employees feel that they cannot reach the goal, that the goal is impossible, then they will eventually stop trying. The third step is that there needs to be regular feedback on employee performance. This will allow employees to take this feedback and improve on it so that they can reach their goal. If an employee cannot rely on regular feedback they can feel that the goal is unattainable. The last important step is to allow cooperation between employees to achieve the goals. Employees need to be able to work together to meet their goals and by doing so it builds commitment to each other and to the company itself (Stack, 2000). Thinking about the preceding steps, I have chosen to focus on three specific plans: OPerformance-Based Compensation OProfit Sharing OGainsharing Performance-Based Performance based compensation is a monetary reward that gives employees feedback on their measurable performance at work. A performance based goal should be like any other goal, it should be attainable and challenging so that it provides incentive (Pinto, 2005). Employees are normally asked to assess the amount of work they do on a given day so that a base level of work can be created. Management will then decide what the work goals will be for each individual employee. Once management creates these individual goals, they are communicated to each employee so that they understand what is expected of them. They must also understand the performances that are being assessed and how each of these performances will be assessed (Stillwell, 2002). When management is creating the base level of acceptable performance, they must consider two things: company performance and employee performance (Mora, 2010). You want to calculate the minimum amount of work that employees can perform that will allow the company to still make profits. If the minimum amount of employee performance is too low, the company can be paying out benefits for increased employee performance, but be losing money in overall company performance. By taking this into consideration, the company can guarantee that the employees increased performance will also increase company profits. There are some challenges with the performance-based compensation plans. It can be very hard to judge what individual performance levels should be for each employee. You will find that some employees will automatically go above and beyond the call of duty at work while others will do the bare minimum that allows them to still get paid. Because an important part of goals is to have them be challenging, this can make it difficult to set a minimum performance for a job. It can also be common for employees to falsify their job responsibilities and performance so that their goals are set at a lower level. Another problem can be the fact that big rewards can encourage some employees to take big risks. If it is perceived that an employee can cut some corners to ensure a larger pay out, they will do it without a second thought. Cutting corners can reduce quality and lead to possible harm which will eventually increase company costs. This tends to contradict the goals of a compensation plan. Analysis: I believe that a performance based compensation plan would have some positive and negative effects on our manufacturing company. Performance based compensation plans seem to have definite goal clarity which is an important part of setting up a successful plan. Once the employees and management evaluate each job position, it should become clear what is expected for each position to become profitable. Because of the job clarity and the individual nature of this plan, it should be easy to give each employee individual feedback on their positions. Our company would have to make sure that the feedback wasn’t just in the form of a bonus check. There would have to be an employee evaluation for each position and a regular time line that these evaluations were conducted. Some of the problems that I see are the fact that it can be difficult to create a challenging yet attainable goal for each position. Management would have to make sure that we took enough time to honestly evaluate the position so that we have accurate information to set our goals. I believe that one of the biggest problems is the fact that this type of plan would produce competition between employees instead of cooperation. It seems that an environment of competition would actually hinder performance. If employees are more worried about how the person next to them is doing, they are less likely to be concerned with their own performance. It also seems that this could lead to an atmosphere of doing just enough to be better than the guy next to you instead of doing the best job possible. Profit Sharing Profit sharing is when a company designates a portion of their profits to a pool that is dispersed back to the work force (Stack, 2000). The profits are funded completely by the successes from the company and are only paid out when the company experiences these successes. The amounts are normally paid out on an annual basis, but can also be paid out whenever the company sees fit. In this plan, the management decides when the profit will be paid out and how much will be paid (Masternak, 2009). Vaden Bos (2010) determined that there are three steps that need to take place when implementing a profit sharing plan. You must begin by determining the purpose of your profit sharing plan; is it to retain employees through a retirement plan or to motivate them through a cash plan. After determining your purpose, you must create the formula that you will use to calculate your plan pay outs. A common amount is to pay out 10-15% of the company’s pre-tax profits. It is also common for companies to set a specific revenue target that must be reached before the profit sharing comes into play. You then need to educate your employees about the plan. If ndividual employees have difficulty understanding how they can influence and improve profits, this can undermine the benefits of this style of compensation. By educating them on the pay-out formula and when it comes into play, you are giving them more influence over their environment. Stack (2000) has found that one of the main negative consequences of a profit sharing plan is the fact that employees cannot count on being paid every time the company see s profits. They also have difficulty calculating the amount that they will be paid. This can create an environment of distrust between the employees and the management. Another area that can cause negativity is the actual amount of profit that is paid out. The company must make sure that the profit sharing payouts aren’t too high, making up a higher amount than the employee’s annual pay or too low so that employees aren’t excited about it (Blencoe, 2002) Analysis: When looking at the profit sharing plan, I see more negative than positive attributes. I believe that it would be difficult to give each employee goal clarity. Management would have to set a goal for each job position so that company profitability would be inevitable. They would also have to make sure that they could create goals that are challenging and attainable. The only problem is that as long as the company is profitable, it doesn’t matter if each employee reaches their individual goals. This plan doesn’t have a true feedback plan either. When your employee feedback is whether or not they receive an annual bonus check, an increase in productivity is less likely to occur. Employees can’t rely on the bonus to happen every year, so they lose faith in the compensation plan. This plan also ignores employee cooperation and input which can determine whether a plan is successful or whether it will fail. Gainsharing Gainsharing is when an organization seeks higher performance by involving its employees in the outcome of the company. It does so by enabling them to have a say in ways that the company can increase profits and productivity and reduce error and waste. As the performance increases, the employees are included in sharing in the company’s financial gains. The organization measures employee performance and shares any saving that might result with employees through a pre-determined formula. The profits are normally paid out on a monthly or quarterly basis. This process works best when the performance and productivity can be measured (Masternak, 2009). According to Imberman (1995), gainsharing can improve plant performance and productivity while cutting costs by reducing errors and time wasting. When employees know that their bonus relies on some sort of gain then they will strive to achieve that gain. By focusing on increasing productivity by reducing errors and time waste, you essentially eliminate the need to cut corners. The goal is not entirely on profits, it’s also on personal and team goals. And when you train your employees on the criteria that you are using to determine the goals and the formula that you are using to calculate the pay out, employees will be more motivated to participate (p. 75). Cotton (1993) says that a gainsharing plan can only be successful when the employees are completely informed on how it will work and the formula used to calculate the compensation amount (p. 10). When employees don’t understand the plan, they are more apt to feel that it is unfair or unattainable and to stop working for the end pay out. When this happens, your plan has failed. You also need complete participation by both the employees and the management. Allow the employees to vote on whether or not the plan should be implemented once they have been given information about the plan. But doing so, you will be helping your employees take ownership over the gainsharing plan. This will help to guarantee success. You must also have management agree to carry out the plan no matter what. Employees must feel confident that if they earn their bonus it will be paid out (Cotton, 1993, p. 110). Cotton (1993) also states that gainsharing programs have three common factors. 1)Focus on reducing production time and reducing expenses not on profit or sales. 2)They are financial bonuses give to the employees involved when productivity is improved. 3)They are a â€Å"formal, supplemental system aimed at individual departments, plants or companies (p. 89). There are quite a few benefits of a gainsharing plan, but Cotton (1993) really focuses on two. The first is that it can be a great way to help keep your employees involved in how the company is doing (p. 91). If employees understand what the goals are and the formula for the payout, they are more likely to keep an eye on these goals and make adjustments if they are not met. It is also encouraged that employees bring new ideas to management that have the possibility to save time, reduce waste, or increase productivity. If employees feel that their ideas are being heard and better yet, making a difference, they are more likely to feel responsibility in the outcome. They want the company goals to be reached. Second, Cotton (1993) focuses on how this plan can encourage management to keep employees up to date on the company’s successes and failures (p. 91). If employees are given feedback on the how the company is doing, they can make the changes needed to improve that area which, in turn, will improve everyone’s bottom line. This also gives employees the opportunity to bring new ideas to management about how to improve areas that are not meeting the goals that were set. Analysis: One of the most important parts of the gainsharing plan is the fact that employee cooperation is a major factor. If we started this plan by discussing employee ideas on ways to increase productivity, reduce time waste and reduce production errors, then employees will be more invested in the plan as a whole. It will also make it easier to set the goals for each employee position. Once this happens, the company can set goals that are clear, challenging, and attainable. The fact that the employees have individual goals but that pay out relies on increased production will create a camaraderie between the employees instead of competition. Employees are then encouraged to succeed in their position, but to also help everyone else to succeed. Recommendations I believe that ABC Manufacturing Co. , Inc. will find great success by introducing a gainsharing plan to our company and employees. After reviewing some of the most popular compensation plans, this seems to be the most logical and positive of the ones reviewed. I believe that being a small manufacturing company with 120 employees; we will be able to utilize this plan to its fullest. And with a little planning we can find great success. Some of the first steps that I believe we should take are: 1. Interview Employees: We would want to start by interviewing employees about their positions and what it entails to perform it properly and timely. By taking this information and looking at the average amount of product that they can produce in an hour, you can determine what elements you need to add into your formula. This also will give human resources some ideas of what manufacturing believes will help improve production costs. 2. Create Formula: Human resources will need to decide exactly how we would like to calculate the percentage of pay out for the gainsharing plan. One way is to look at total # of work hours saved for a given number of units produced. We can also compare labor cost and sales values. Another decision that will need to be made is what percentage of profit will go to the work force and what percentage will go back to the company. It seems that the percentages can range from 25% to 75%. This area will need more calculation and consideration by management before it is brought to the workforce. . Employee Education: Once we have our formula for calculating our company bonuses, we will need to educate the employees on this new plan. I suggest that we take time to educate the different areas of manufacturing so that they know what their production goals are and so they have a complete understanding of the whole gainsharing plan. We need to make sure that the employees completely understand the f ormula and how the company goes about calculating their bonuses. They also need to understand that by suggesting different way to improve productivity, they can increase their bonuses. Conclusion In conclusion I believe that to solve the problem of employee retention, improved productivity, reduction of errors and a reduction of waste time we must institute a compensation plan. To produce a successful compensation plan, human resources will need to create a plan with specific employee goals, goals must be challenging yet attainable, there will need to be a regular source of performance feedback, and there must be a sense of cooperation between the employees and management. With these four things in mind I chose to look at three plans. Of the three compensation plans that I investigate; performance based, profit sharing and gainsharing, I believe gainsharing to be the most logical. If we take our time creating our gainsharing plan, we should see great success within our company. We will need to have close contact with our employees by gathering information about their position and any suggestion that they may have for company improvement. We will need to spend time looking at different cost and expenses so that we may come up with a formula that will give a fair amount of bonuses to our employees and improve productivity at the same time. We will also have to take great care in educating our employees about the plan. We want them well versed in the actual formula and how the payout are calculate as well as the fact that they are encouraged to share any ideas with management. I believe that this choice will improve employee/company relation and improve profits at the same time. References Blake , R. (2006, July 24). Employee retention: What employee turnover really costs your company. WebProNews, Retrieved from http://www. webpronews. com Blencoe, G. (2002, Novemeber 10). Implement a profit-sharing program. Retrieved from http://www. smartbiz. com Cotton, J. (1993). Employee involvement: Methods for improving performance and work attitudes. Newbury Park, California: Sage Publications, Inc Heffernan, M. (2012, September 14). Why performance related pay doesnt work. Moneywatch, Retrieved from http://www. cbsnews. com Imberman, W. (1995). Improving plant performance through gainsharing. JOM, 4 (7), 57. Retrieved from http://www. tms. org/pubs/journals/jom/matters/matters- Masternak, R. (2009). Gainsharing or profit sharing: The right tool for the right organization. Retrieved from http://www. hr-guide. com/data/G44301. htm Mora, V. (2010, April 04). Performance-related pay models. [Web log message]. Retrieved from http://www. blogs. payscale. com Pinto, J. (2005, July 01). Performance based compensation. Automation world, Retrieved from http://www. automationworld. com/performance-based-compensation Ramsey, D. (2011). Entreleadership: 20 years of practical business wisdom from the trenches. New York, NY: Howard Books. Stack, J. (2000, November 01). The problems with profit sharing. Inc. , Retrieved from http://www. inc. om/magazine/19961101/1864. html Stillwell, L. (2002, December 16). Performance-based compensation increasingly popular. The business review, Retrieved from http://www. bizjournals. com Vanden Bos, P. (2010, April 19). How to build a profit sharing plan. Inc. , Retrieved from http://www. inc. com/guides/2010/04/profit-sharing-plan_pagen_ Vivekanand, A. , Achuthan, A. , Kiruthigha, E. , Veena, S. , Raja, S. , Sharma, S. Compensatio n: An analysis on manufacturing firms, Retrieved from www. scribd. com[-gt;0] (AAT 29050937)(p. 2) [-gt;0] http://www. scribd. com

Odyssey and O Brother free essay sample

Thus, we find the modern film depiction of the troubles of a man during the depression is molded by the ancient struggles of Odysseus in Homeris Odyssey. Specifically, three parallels surface in the discussion of the similarities between Homeris classic epic and iO Brother Where Art Thou? The Cyclops encounter for instance, is transcendent between both works. Furthermore, each story contains a comparable perspective of the Lotus Eaters. Finally, the strongest parallel between the iOdysseyi and iO Brother, Where Art Thou? i is the mystical call of the Sirens and the powers of the witch goddess Circe. The Cyclops encounter is transcendent between both works. The Cyclops, in the iOdysseyi and iO Brother, Where Art Thou? i has obvious physical traits that connect the two pieces of work. The Cyclops in each story is a large man, who only has one eye. One website describe the Cyclopes race as, ia rough and uncivilized race of one-eyed giants. We will write a custom essay sample on Odyssey and O Brother or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page i(Spark notes p1) Odysseus describe the giant as, i A prodigious man who slept in his cave alone, and took his flocks to graze afieldremote from all companions, knowing none but savage ways, a brute so huge. i(Wilkie p378) The encounter of the Cyclops shows a great similarity in both of these stories. Odysseus, the main character of the iOdysseyi and Ulysses, the main character of iO Brother, Where Art Thou? i are taken from of state of tranquility and savagely attacked. As described by Odysseus, iSo there all day, until the sun went down, we made our feast on meat galore, and wine. i(p 377) This quote describes Odysseus and his men relaxing and enjoying a feast. Quite similar in iO Brother Where Art Thou,i Ulysses was enjoying a picnic when the savage Cyclops attacked him. When Ulysses and Odysseus were about to enjoy a peaceful day they are overtaken by the Cyclops either imprisoned or robbed. Both Ulysses and Odysseus mentality of a warrior allows them to fight back and eventually defeat the Cyclops. In each story an attempt to blind the creature offers a distraction for each character to escape from the Cyclops. Secondly, each story contains a similar perspective of the Lotus Easters. When you eat the intoxicating fruit of the lotus, as described in the Odyssey, the thought of home, purpose of voyage, and memories of the past are no longer important. Odysseus and his men arrive at the land of the Lotus-Eaters and become addicted and drawn to the fruit. They are so leered to the fruit, that it becomes a mindless obsession. iO Brother, Where Art Thou? becomes parallel to the story of the Lotus-Eaters when Ulysses and his men are baptized. Websteris dictionary defines baptism as, ithe Christian sacrament of sin and spiritual rebirth as a Christian. i Both the iOdysseyi and iO Brother Where Art Thou? i describe a rebirth and new thinking. The things of the past are no longer important. Rebirth of the soul and becoming filled with the spirit are identical to the intoxication of the f ruit. Therefore, the producers of iO Brother, Where Art Thou? i are describing baptisms as a new beginning and new thought, then comparing it to the lotus eaters of the iOdyssey. Finally, the strongest parallel between the iOdysseyi and iO Brother, Where Art Thou? i is the mystical call of the Sirens and the powers of the witch-goddess Circe. This parallel is the strongest element of comparison because it is very similar how each story describes the Sirens. Odysseus is told in the iOdyssey,i iSquare in your shipis path are the Sirens, crying beauty to bewitch men coasting by. i (p 421) Both Ulysses and Odysseus use wax to avoid the Sirens. Ulysses hair smelling of wax, (hair wax) and Odysseus instructing his men to put wax in their ears is enough to avoid the Sirens seductive song in each story. Avoiding the Sirens allows both Ulysses and Odysseus to continue on their purpose of journey, to get home. Another striking similarity is the witch goddess of Circe. In the iOdyssey,i Circe turns one of Odysseus men into a pig. Parallel to the Homeric epic, one of Ulysses men was supposedly turned into a frog. These two strong parallels sum up an obvious influence of Homeric work in iO Brother, Where Art Thou? i The movie iO Brother Where Art Thou? i is strikingly similar to Homeris iOdyssey,i in both plot and character description. Specifically, three parallels surface in the discussion of the similarities between the iOdysseyi and iO Brother, Where Art Thou? i The Cyclops encounter for instance, is transcendent between both works. Furthermore, each story contains a similar perspective of the Lotus Eaters. Finally, the strongest parallel between the iOdysseyi and iO Brother, Where Art Thou? i is the mystical call of the Sirens and the powers of the witch-goddess Circe. Thus, we find the modern film depiction of the trouble of a man during the depression is being shaped by the ancient struggles of Odysseus in Homeris iOdyssey.

Shakespeare Sonnet 4 - Analysis

Shakespeare Sonnet 4 - Analysis Shakespeare’s Sonnet 4: Sonnet 4: Unthrifty Loveliness, Why Dost Thou Spend is interesting because it is as concerned with the fair youth passing on his attributes to his children as the preceding three sonnets. However, to achieve this, the poet uses money lending and inheritance as a metaphor. The fair youth is accused of being frivolous; spending on himself, rather than thinking of the legacy he could be leaving his children. The fair youth’s beauty is used as currency in this poem and the speaker suggests that beauty should be passed onto his offspring as a kind of inheritance. The poet again depicts the fair youth as quite a selfish character in this poem, suggesting that nature has lent him this beauty which he should pass on – not hoard! He is warned in no uncertain terms that his beauty will die with him which has been a recurrent theme in the sonnets. The poet uses business language to clarify his purpose and his metaphorical position. For example, â€Å"Unthrifty†, â€Å"niggard†, â€Å"usurer†, â€Å"sum of sums†, â€Å"audit† and â€Å"executor†. Discover the sonnet first hand here: Sonnet 4. Sonnet 4: The Facts Sequence: Fourth in the Fair Youth Sonnets  sequenceKey Themes: Procreation, death prohibiting the continuation of beauty, money-lending and inheritance, not leaving a legacy to offspring, the fair youth’s selfish attitude in relation to his own attributes.Style:  Written in iambic pentameter  in sonnet form Sonnet 4: A Translation Wasteful, beautiful young man, why do you not pass on your beauty to the world? Nature has lent you good looks but she only lends to those who are generous, but you are a miser and abuse the amazing gift you have been given. A money lender cannot make money if he does not pass it on. If you only do business with yourself you will never reap the benefits of your riches. You are deceiving yourself. When nature takes your life what will you leave behind? Your beauty will go with you to your grave, not having been passed on to another. Sonnet 4: Analysis This obsession with the fair youth procreating is prevalent in the sonnets. The poet is also concerned with the fair youth’s legacy and is committed to convincing him that his beauty must be passed on. The metaphor of beauty as currency is also employed; perhaps the poet believes that the fair youth would relate to this analogy more easily as we are given the impression that he is quite selfish and greedy and is perhaps motivated by material gains? In many ways, this sonnet pulls together the argument set out in the previous three sonnets, and arrives at a conclusion: The Fair Youth may die childless and have no way of continuing on his line. This is at the heart of the tragedy for the poet. With his beauty, the Fair Youth could have anyone he wanted, and procreate. Through his children, he would live on, and so too would his beauty. But the poet suspects that he will not use his beauty properly and die childless. This thought leads the poet to write  Thy unused beauty must be tombed with thee. In the final line, the poet considers that perhaps it is natures intention for him to have a child. If the Fair Youth can procreate, then this leads the poet to consider his beauty enhanced because it fits into the overarching plan of nature.

Here Are Six Career Tips for Students Who Want to Work in Journalism

Here Are Six Career Tips for Students Who Want to Work in Journalism If youre a journalism student or even just a college student whos thinking about a career in the news business, chances are youve encountered a lot of confusing and contradictory advice about what you should do in school to prepare. Should you get a journalism degree? What about communications? How do you get practical experience? And so on. As someone whos worked in journalism and been a journalism professor for 15 years I get these questions all the time. So here are my top six tips. 1. Dont major in communications: If you want to work in the news business, do not, I repeat, do not get a degree in communications. Why not? Because communications degrees are so broad editors dont know what to make of them. If you want to work in journalism, get a journalism degree. Unfortunately, many j-schools have been subsumed into communications programs, to the point where some universities dont even offer journalism degrees anymore. If thats the case at your school, move on to tip no. 2. 2. You absolutely dont have to get a journalism degree: Heres where I contradict myself. Is a journalism degree a great idea if you want to be a journalist? Absolutely. Is it absolutely necessary? No. Some of the best journalists around never went to j-school. But if you decide not to get a journalism degree its even more important that you get loads and loads of work experience. And even if you dont get the degree, I would definitely recommend taking some journalism classes. 3. Get work experience everywhere you can: As a student, getting work experience is sort of like throwing lots of spaghetti at the wall until something sticks. My point is, work everywhere you can. Write for the student newspaper. Freelance for local weekly papers. Start your own citizen journalism blog where you cover local news events. The point is, get as much work experience as you can because that, in the end, will be what lands you your first job. 4. Dont worry about going to a prestigious j school. A lot of people worry that if they dont go to one of the top journalism schools, they wont have a good head start for a career in news. Thats nonsense. I happen to know a guy whos president of one of the network news divisions, about as important a job as you can get in this field. Did he go to Columbia, Northwestern or UC Berkeley? No, he went to Temple University in Philadelphia, which has a good journalism program but one that probably isnt on any top 10 lists. Your college career is what you make of it, which means doing well in your classes and getting lots of work experience. In the end, the name of the school on your degree wont matter much. 5. Seek out professors with real-world experience: Unfortunately, the trend in university journalism programs the last 20 years or so has been to hire faculty who have PhDs in front of their names. Some of these people have also worked as journalists, but many have not. The result is that many journalism schools are staffed with professors whove probably never seen the inside of a newsroom. So when youre signing up for your classes - especially practical journalism skills courses - check the faculty bios on your programs website and make sure to pick the profs whove actually been there and done that. 6. Get the tech training, but dont neglect the fundamentals: There is a lot of emphasis on technical training in journalism programs these days, and its a good idea to pick up those skills. But remember, youre training to be a journalist, not a tech geek. The most important thing to learn in college is how to write and report. Skills in things like digital video, layout and photography can be picked up along the way.

Strategy Implementation for Coca-Cola Company Research Paper

Strategy Implementation for Coca-Cola Company - Research Paper Example However, Coca-Cola Company cannot take anything for granted and ignore competition from its main rival and other increasing localized competitions. The company makes use of its key resources in the most efficient and productive way, a situation that has enabled the company to serve its customers with exceptional quality and satisfaction. As a result, the company has constantly strived to maintain growth, perform excellently, and increase shareholders’ value through constant adoption of strategic management policies, which further should be implemented effectively. Strategy Implementation Coca-Cola’s strategic management has for a long time been facilitated through resource-based strategy. Through this strategy, the company perceives its success to lie largely through effective use of key resources such as brands, systems, capital, and people (Pearce and Robinson, 2009). The understanding of the company is that, by utilizing these resources, Coca-Cola has been able to cr eate competitive advantage and edge over its competitors. Strategic management at Coca-Cola Company remains one of the tenets the company has been able to navigate challenging environments and realize its objectives and vision. Such strategic decisions include initiating goals for fair returns on shareholders’ value and serving the community. At the same time, Coca-Cola Company has been able to realize its objectives through innovation and diversification of products to different markets around the world. Implementation of strategy in an organization is a multi-layered process that incorporates multiple strategic initiatives (Heracleous, 2003). In this way, no particular single method can be adopted to implement strategy and succeed successful. At the same time, strategy implementation in an organization should involve multi-disciplinary team guided by efficient management team. Organizational Design In order to implement a strategy more effectively, an organization cannot ig nore critical aspects of organizational structure, people, culture, and control systems (Hill and Jones, 2009). A successful strategy that has ability to achieve goals and objectives set has to integrate these aspects. For example, there has to be the right people in an organization to implement the strategy, from the management perspective and employee perspective (Hill and Jones, 2009). At the same time, a supportive culture has to be in place to facilitate strategy implementation, which has to provide the right environment for the success of the strategy. Moreover, critical structures must be present to support and enhance strategy implementation (Hill and Jones, 2009). Structures are particularly effective in coordinating and ensuring goals of the strategic process are realized. Lastly, efficient systems must be present to measure the progress and success of the strategy (Hitt, Ireland and Hoskisson, 2010). The people Coca-Cola Company has a mission, which facilitates the desire of the company to provide unique refreshment to the world thorough its diversified beverages, and at the same time to inspire moments of optimisms by promoting its brands and actions, and lastly, to create unique and exceptional value in the market all the time (Coca Cola, 2011). To achieve this exemplary position, Coca-Cola Compan

Looking Within to Produce Without Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Looking Within to Produce Without - Essay Example As for the anger for example, I should practice claiming techniques, try to find positivity in every negative situation and this will assist in dealing with my inner feelings and preventing them from coming to the external and running my performance. Self-awareness of the situations that participate in my emotional state is necessary so that I can be able to better handle myself and be a better leader (Goleman, Boyatzis & McKee, 2001). My boss is not one of the nice people and this is especially visible when performance declines even if slightly. He is an autocratic leader that likes things to go his way and controls everything leaving us to be only faithful followers. Most of the times our performance is great but there are a few hitches we encounter at times and it is at these times that he is unbearable. The best thing I have learnt is to read his emotional state once he comes in the morning. This is important in order to know how to relate and interact with him for the day without him affecting my day and performance as well. If he is in a terrible mood, the best thing is to avoid crossing his path by asking him questions unless it is a really urgent matter. Becoming least resisting is another way to deal with him. Whatever he wants done no matter the magnitude or time limit I never argue or complain within earshot. This way, he is less angry and no conflicts arise. Leaders are more productive when they have open communication with their team members. This will require them to focus more on others and externally open as well as focusing more on the results. I would like my boss to for example be more supportive of the team by being empathetic and expressing concern about both personal and work issues. In this way, he can cultivate a culture of sharing, getting to know the potential each of us possess as well as develop trust with the team. I would also like my boss to constantly motivate us and especially after one

Tort law assignment Essay Example for Free

Tort law assignment Essay Advise John as to claims that he may have against Brian in tort. For John to make a claim against Brian in tort the following three elements must be proved: whether Brian owes a duty of care to John, if that duty was breached and if the breach caused the damage. Liability for negligent misstatements causing pure economic loss have the usual requirements of duty, breach and damages but special treatment is necessary as people are less careful in what they say than in what they do on social and informal occasions. Lord Pierce in Hedley Byrne stated: â€Å"word are more volatile than deeds, they travel faster and are used without being expended† To establish the difference between ‘pure economic loss’ and economic loss which is consequent upon physical damage to property. This was defined in Spartan Steel v Martin 1973, where the loss was foreseeable but Lord Denning held a line must be drawn, and that the loss was better borne by the insures than by the defendants alone. The Misrepresentation Act 1967 states where there is a fiduciary relationship (a person to whom property or power is entrusted for the benefit of another) for example between a solicitor and a client liability arises here in contract and tort. There is no need to prove a duty of care exists. Brian who is a part qualified accountant advised John about the shares, but there was no contract involved so he wouldn’t be liable under contract and tort. Brian advised John to buy shares from Brighwater Ltd. so it was something Brian said to John and not did. Therefore, the area of deceit must be looked at. Deceit occurs when a person knowing or recklessly makes a false representation to the claimant. The leading case Derry v Peek 1888 outlined that no duty would be required in relationship to negligent misrepresentations. Therefore this case can’t be applied to Brian and John’s scenarios as action was only available for fraudulent misrepresentations. This was then overruled in Hedley Byrne v Heller 1964 where the possibility of claims for negligent misstatement was opened up. That a duty of care would arise in appropriate circumstances to give careful advice and that failure to do so would result in liability for economic loss. The House of Lords laid down strict guidelines for when this could apply: If there was a special relationship between the two partes, based on the defendants skill and judgement and the reliance placed upon it. The defendant (advisor) must posses a special skill relating to the type of advice given and must have realise that the claimant (advisee) would rely on that skill. The claimant receiving the advice must have acted in reliance on it as longs as it was reasonable to rely on the advice. To establish whether there was a special relationship between Brian and John the meaning of a special relationship must be looked at. In Chaudry V Prabhaker 1988 it showed that a purely social relationship can give rise to a duty of care, when carefully considered advice was being sought from a party with some expertise. Brian share a social relationship with John as they are friends, but this gave rise to Brian’s duty of care. As carefully considered advice was being sought from John who knew Brian would have some expertise about shares as a he was a part qualified accountant. It was in Yianni v Edwin Evans 1982 which established the existence of a special and that even if there is no contractual relationship between a building society surveyor and the house purchaser that a special relationship could exist. Brian and John did not sign a contract but a special relationship can still be established. Therefore under Hedley Byrne the first guidline has been established to prove there is a duty of care as there is a special relationship between Brian and John, It must be proved that Brian the advisor possessed a special skill relating to the type of advice he gave and must have realise that the John (advisee) would rely on that skill. In Mutual Life and Citizens Assurance v Evatt 1971 it was held that there would only be a duty of care if the party giving advice held himself out as being in the business of giving the advice in question. So, Brian owes John a duty of care as he is a part qualified accountant and he gave out advice about buying Brightwater shares, which is advice relating to the business of accountancy. The second guideline under Hedley Byrne has been established and Brian owes John a duty of care as he possessed a special skill relating to the advice he gave. John must prove that in receiving the advice he acted in reliance on it. As in Smith v Eric S Bush where it was held that if there is foreseeable reliance on advice that has been given that a duty of care is owed. John relied on Brian’s advice and considered it reasonable, as he invested all his shares in the company which shows there was foreseeable reliance. Therefore Brian owes John a duty of care and under Hedley Byrne the last guidline has been proven. However, there has been limitations on these three guidelines as in Caparo V Dickman 1990. The main principle being that the reliance is reasonably foreseeable to the defendant. For a duty of care to exist under Caparo the following must be established: whether the consequences were reasonably foreseeable, if there is a relationship of proximity between the parties, and if it’s fair just and reasonable to impose a duty. For the first part of establishing a duty of care it must be proved that the defendant’s act were reasonably foreseeable. In Kent v Griffiths 2000 it was reasonably foreseeable that the claimant would suffer harm from the failure of the ambulance to arrive. In Bourhill v Young 1943 the motorcyclist did not owe a duty of care as it was not reasonably foreseen that the claimant would be affected by his negligent driving. Brian owes John a duty of care as it is reasonably foreseeable that there is risk involved if Brian advises John to buy shares in Brightwater Ltd. Is there a relationship of proximity between the two parties? This can be through a legal relationship or physical closeness. In Osman v Ferguson 1993 there was a sufficient close relationship between the parties compared to Hill v Chief Constable of South Yorkshire 1998 where the relationship between the police and the victim was not sufficiently close. There is a relationship between Brian and John of friends, so there is a sufficiently close relationship between them. Is it fair just and reasonable to impose a duty of care? It was not held fair just and reasonable to impose a duty of care on the police as there was not a relationship of proximity in Hill v Chief Constable of South Yorkshire. In Capital v Hampshire County Council 1997 it was held fair to impose a duty on the fire brigade. So, it would be fair just and reasonable to impose a duty of care on Brian as he is a part qualified accountant who advised John to buy the shares, so he owed John a duty of care to give careful advice. Therefore Brian satisfies all three stages of the Caparo test and it would be held by the courts that he did owe John a duty of care. Guidance on the factors to be taken into account in establishing a duty of care have been provided by the Court of Appeal in James McNaughten v Hicks Anderson 1991: The purpose for which the statement was made The purpose for which it was communicated The relationship between the person giving the advice, the person receiving the advice and any relevant third parties The size of any class that the person receiving the advice belonged to. The degree of knowledge of the person giving the advice. Reliance by the advisee. In taking these factors into account, Brian’s purpose for which he made the statement ‘trust me, buy their shares you will be on a winner’ was so that John would buy the shares. The purpose Brian communicated the advice for was for John to take action and invest in Brightwater Ltd. The relationship between Brian and John is that they are friends and John was relying on Brian to give him guidance about buying shares. To consider Brian’s knowledge at the time he made the statement was that he had professional knowledge of an accountant, because even if he was only part qualified he would be judged against the standard of a fully qualified accountant. John relied on Brian’s advice, as he was his friend and because he thought Brian was giving him reasonable advice, which he took and then invested shares in the company. Under James Macnaughton all 6 factors have been proven and Brian would owe John a duty of care. Now that it has been proved that Brian owes John a duty of care it must be proved that he breached the duty. For a breach of duty to be proved the following must be taken into consideration: the degree of risk, standard of care and proof of breach. The degree of risk must be high as in Hayley v London Electricity Board where there was a known risk. Brian advised John to buy the shares and there was a high risk that John could lose his money as buying shares is a risky business. So it has been proved that there was a high risk John would lose his money. The standard of care was established in Blyth v Birmingham Waterworks 1856 which introduced a reasonable man test that if the defendant falls against the standard of care a reasonable man would take there is a breach of duty. Brian fell against the standard of care a reasonable man would take as he advised John to buy the shares to be ‘on a winner’ which Brian could not have been certain about so he breached his duty. Specific rule apply to specific people so considerations will be made for different types of people. Mullin v Richards 1998 showed children can be held for negligence. Nettleship v Weston 1971 showed learners would be judged against the standard of a reasonable competent driver. The standard of care expected was that of a similarly qualified expert as in Bolam v Friern Hospital 1957. Therefore even though Brian was only a part qualified accountant, he still fell below the standard expected of a similarly qualified accountant, as he advise John wrongly about the shares and has breached his duty. Proof of breach ‘res ipsa loquitar’ fact speak for themselves rule. The claimant must show that the defendant was in control of the situation that caused the claimants injury and that it was cause by negligence. John can prove that Brian was the reason he lost all of his investment, because if it wasn’t for Brian advising him to buy the shares he wouldn’t have lost the money. Now that breach of duty has been proven, it must be proven that the damages suffered were caused by the breach of duty. This can be proved using the ‘but for’ rule as in Barnett v Chelsea and Kensington1969 where the claimant wouldn’t have suffered the damages ‘but for’ the defendants breach of duty. ‘John wouldn’t have lost out on his investment ‘but for’ Brian advising him to buy the shares. If the ‘but for’ is proven but the damages are too remote from the defendant breach of duty then there is no liability as in Wagon Mound 1961. However John lost all his investment as the company went into liquidation so the damage is not remote. Overall, it has been proven that Brian owes John a duty of care, that he breached the duty and that the damages suffered were caused by his breach so he would be liable! References: Turner C. and Hodge S. (2007) Unlocking Torts. Oxon: Book point Ltd Hogdson J. and Lewthwaite J. (2004) Tort Law. New York:Oxford Press Harpwood V. (2009) Modern Tort Law. Oxon: Routledge-Cavendish McBride N. and Bagshaw R. (2008) Tort Law. Essex: Pearson Education. Cooke J. (2009) Law of Tort. Essex: Pearson Education.

Racial Differences Essay -- Racism Personal Narrative Papers

Racial Differences "CHINK!!!! Yeah..that's right†¦look at us with those chinky eyes! Go back to where you belong!" Those words will forever ring in my ears. I was standing in line for lunch while talking to a friend while a couple of boys, fourth and fifth graders, were making fun of the only Asian girl in the school, me, a lonely kindergartener. I will never forget that moment when I realized that I was different. Growing up in a predominantly white community, I had never thought of the issue of race as a child. My neighbor and I were best friends, and I never thought of myself as different. She had blonde hair; I had black. She had blue eyes; I had dark brown. We loved to play with the same things, thus we were friends. It was that simple. But on that day in elementary school, my world came apart, and I will never forget it. I was different, and I didn't know why. After those boys said that to me, I just stared in shock and got my lunch. I acted as though they had said nothing, and I was probably fortunate, considering the horrible things young boys can do. But when I went home, I cried. Why were people making fun of me? I didn't even understand what "chink" meant. It was only the motion they made by stretching their eyes that made me understand. I hadn't realized that I was different from everyone else. At home I spoke Chinese and watched some Chinese movies, but I did not think that m ade me different. I was still a person, a human being. Did it matter that I spoke Chinese and had black hair and dark brown eyes? Apparently to some people it did matter. Every day I went to school with white children and went home to a Chinese family. For other people this was a line, a distinction that set me apart ... ...h group celebrates the stereotype that society has imposed on them, and instead of celebrating individuality; they celebrate the sameness of race. Living amongst white people I was initially teased because of my race, but I was more often liked and accepted for who I am. Living amongst Chinese people, I was initially accepted because of my race,but not liked for who I am. I am an American-born Chinese. These two sides make me. Without either one, I am not complete. When I walk down the street, I can never hide the fact that I am Chinese. I cannot change my Asian features. When I talk to people and voice my opinion, I am American. Yet I do not fit completely into both sides. I am different and proud to be so. Race does not define me; I define myself. I hope for the time when we stop focusing on race and can all embrace our differences and celebrate them.

Aristotle’s Theory of Virtue and Happiness Essay

Aristotle was one of the most respected philosophers of all time. He wrote on many subjects covering a wide range of topics; politics, psychology, metaphysics, logic and ethics. In the article â€Å"Nature of Virtue† written by Aristotle, his theory of a persons happiness and good morals is explained. I agree that a human’s goal in life is to be happy, and to live a good life but happiness and good do not come hand in hand. In this paper, I disagree with Aristotle’s proper function argument. The word happiness is a much broader term to Aristotle than what we think of. (Johnston, Para. F) By happiness he means successful, living a good life and physical well being. A fully happy life would include success for themselves, their family and descendants. The idea of good and happiness according to Aristotle is based around the proper function argument. The proper function argument is basically that every man is brought to this earth to have a function. Happiness is the main goal in someone’s life, and this comes with a function. â€Å"For all things that have a function or activity, the good and â€Å"well is thought to reside in the function. † We are not on this earth to merely live, but to do our best to live well. (Cahn 113) Something is good if it performs its proper function for example, a good movie. If you watch a movie and you think its good, than it has performed its proper function. The purpose of broccoli is to feed and give people nutrition, the purpose of a truck is to transport objects, and the purpose of one human may to be a plumber. Fixing sinks and toilets is this human’s function, and if done successfully, happiness will be achieved. â€Å"The function of humans is an activity of the soul and must act in accordance with virtue, or goodness. † A person can only be happy when they are fulfilling their function. (Cahn 114). When a person is fulfilling their function, they are eudaimon. Eudaimonia is the Greek term for happiness and living well. When someone takes part in Eudaimonia, they are taking part in â€Å"the activity of the soul in accordance with excellence, virtue or what is good for† (â€Å"The Human good and Function Argument†) In Aristotle’s view, human beings are the only species that have the potential to live a better life. He believes living well creates happiness, the final goal for human beings. Reaching a goal drives every behavior, and the goal of humans is to attain goodness and excellence. He also states that every man should pursue happiness and happiness is attainable by all people. (â€Å"Traditional Virtues and The Skeptic†. ) I disagree with these statements; being happy, and being evil can happen at the same time. For example, the Romans lived very happily even though their actions were evil. The Roman’s believed they were the most superior and advanced society yet they found pleasure and happiness in torturing and killing Christians for sport. The Roman’s lived in a world of evil, and they were undoubtedly happy. Aristotle’s objection to my example of the Romans would be that the Roman’s took their pleasure to the extreme with their lavish lifestyles, which lead to their downfall and demise. Aristotle would use his theory of the â€Å"Golden mean† to object to the Roman’s happiness. For Aristotle living life well involves â€Å"using the virtues we were intended to use, including chiefly reason, but also courage, honesty, and moderation in pursuing pleasure. † (Stevenson 67). Every good thing exists between two bad things. So anything is achievable as long as it is not taken to excess. Aristotle’s example for this is that if 10 pounds is too much for someone too eat, and 2 pounds is too little, than 6 pounds being the mean, would not be the exact amount that person should eat to be satisfied, but is something to aim towards. (Cahn 117). Aristotle’s â€Å"golden mean† says that you should not do anything to the excess, or you will only hurt yourself. â€Å"If you overindulge in physical pleasures, your health will deteriorate. † (Stevenson 67. ) In other words, the Roman’s overindulged in their pleasure, which lead to their own pain and suffering in the end. If it is true that you cannot experience goodness unless you are happy, and you cannot be happy if you take action into extremes, than it must be true that the people in poverty cannot be good. Every society has had its rise and fall in power, so does that mean that people that live on the under side of the extreme, or in Aristotle’s example, to only eat two pounds of food, can never achieve goodness because they are not happy? For example there is a poor child in Africa who is living in severe conditions, with no food, and not enough water. He is doing everything he can in pursuit of happiness. He goes to church, he helps his parents out with the family, and he is doing his best in school. However, he is hungry and living in unhappiness because of his terrible situation. Because this boy is not happy, does this mean he is not a good person? Happiness is attainable to all people, but how is happiness attainable by this boy? Living to the extreme may cause unhappiness in some situations, but it is quite often that living in moderation can lead to unhappiness as well. Moderate behavior will not always bring happiness. For example, someone who is very passionate and romantic may find that moderate behavior does not suit his or her needs. â€Å"One can not be happy if forced to control oneself in all situations of life. † (Popkin 10) A human wants to live life the way they desire, and to seize from acting how you feel does not lead to happiness. Aristotle’s theory is based around the fact that good morals come from habit. You must be taught to be good in order to be good. According to Aristotle, your characteristics come from your actions; in other words, you â€Å"become good by doing good† (Cahn 113). Under Aristotle’s theory, to be a good person, you must have been taught to be good at a young age to acquire good morals. â€Å"In order to profit from the sort of study he is undertaking, one must already have been brought up in good habits†(â€Å"Traditional Virtues and The Skeptic†. ) This means the group of people with potential to have virtue and happiness is limited. It is limited to the people who come from a family with good ethics. The only people who are going to become good, are the people who are already well on their way to be good because their family is training them to be this way. But what about the people who come from bad families? Or what about the people who were raised by ethically good families? For example, a child who was brought up by parents who had no ethics or good morals at all. The mother was a drug addict, and the father ran away while the child was at an early age. The child wasn’t taught anything about morals, and did not have a proper upbringing what so ever. Everything the child knew was learnt on his own, and he decided who he wanted to be an acted in relation to this. This child ends up being a good person, has a good job, and lives in happiness. When Aristotle makes the point that you must have had exercise in virtues, he does not have any proof that this is always true. â€Å"What Aristotle owes us, then, is an account of these traditional qualities that explains why they must play a central role in any well-lived life. † (â€Å"Traditional Virtues and The Skeptic†.), Aristotle must explain to us why being trained by a guardian is required in order to end up living a complete life. In conclusion, Aristotle’s theories are applicable in some situations, but should not be applied in all situations. You can be happy and evil at the same time; you do not have to be good in order to be happy. Aristotle objects by saying you cannot be happy and live to extremes, however you can also be happy and over indulge at the same time. It is also possible for someone to live well, have virtue and happiness even when they had not been brought up this way. They can learn on their own, characteristics can be defined by who you want to be. Aristotle says that happiness is attainable by all, but if you follow the Aristotle’s theory, you will find that happiness is limited to a certain group. Works Cited Johnston, Ian. † Lecture on Aristotle’s Nicomachaean Ethics. † Records. November 18th, 1997. http://records. viu. ca/~johnstoi/introser/aristot. htm. April 15th, 2010. Cahn Steven. â€Å"Exploring Ethics. † Aristotle: The Nature of Virtue. Ed. Steven M. Cahn. New York: Oxford University Press. 2009. Pg 113-117. â€Å"The Human Good and Function Argument. † Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 2001. May 1st, 2001. http://plato. stanford. edu/entries/aristotle-ethics/#HumGooFunArg. April 15th, 2010. â€Å"Traditional Virtues and The Skeptic. † Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. N. P. May 1st, 2001. http://plato. stanford. edu/entries/aristotle-ethics/#HumGooFunArg. April 15th, 2010. Stevenson, Jay. â€Å"The Complete Idiots Guide to Philosophy. † The Golden Mean. Ed. Drew Patty. 2nd Edition. 2002. Pg 67. Popkin, Richard. â€Å"Philosophy Made Simple. † Criticism of Aristotle. Richard Popkin and A. Stroll. New York, 1993. Pg 10-11.

Marriage and Fundamental Constitutional Right

Anti-nepotism rules in the United States date back to the turn of the century: however, since the early 1970s, there have been numerous legal challenges to such policies and regulations. Often, the plaintiffs are professionals who have been denied employment, transferred or even dismissed because their spouses already worked for the same organization or because their spouses were promoted to supervisory positions over them. These plaintiffs contend that they have a legal right to work with their spouses, that anti-nepotism rules are discriminatory against them and that such rules violate their constitutional right to marry. What are the legal liabilities of governmental agencies and officials in this emerging area of public personnel law? An analysis of recent federal and state court decisions revealed that most judges do not interpret anti-nepotism rules to be either discriminatory or a direct violation of a fundamental constitutional right. The kind of rule at issue does not appear to be a factor in judicial opinions. For example, federal constitutional right to marry cases cover a variety of situations, including rules against one spouse supervising the other, and policies against married couples working in the same governmental department. Federal judges have subjected all anti-nepotism rules to only minimal scrutiny, deferring to management in virtually every instance. (1) Management Rationales for Anti-Nepotism Rules Both anti-nepotism rules and merit system regulations seek to protect the competency of the workforce, yet, paradoxically, qualified job applicants are often turned away, and valuable employees are frequently transferred or even fired because of anti-nepotism policies. Poor performance is rarely the issue in such cases. (2) Rather, most organizations restrict married co-workers to some degree because of an assumption that the family is a potentially disruptive influence In the workplace. (3) According to Kanter, the main reason for having anti-nepotism rules is to minimize the influence of traditional familial authority structures, such as that of husband over wife, on the development and management of rational bureaucracies. 4) While such attitudes are changing among some managers, the belief persists that married individuals will bring their quarrels to work, form coalitions to advance their own interests, and in other ways undermine organizational productivity and morale. (5) One survey of university department chairs revealed a deep ambivalence about hiring faculty couples. (6) Despite criticisms by some commentators that anti-nepotism rules are anachronistic, especially for professional couples, most organizations continue to prohibit close wo rking relationships between family members. (7)

Role of China and India in Asia Essay Example

Role of China and India in Asia Essay Example Role of China and India in Asia Essay Role of China and India in Asia Essay Throughout history there have been many nations who have had great influence on modern society, although none have been as impactful as China and India. From ancient to contemporary times the effect the two nations have over not only Asia but the entire world is acutely impressive by historical standards. In this essay the spread of language, religion, and economic growth created by China and India throughout history will be discussed along with the long-term effect of such development.The Spread of Language According to Backlund and Ivy (2008), A language is a system of symbols (words or vocabulary) governed by rules (grammar) and patterns (syntax) common to a community of people (p. 144). The usage of language in order to communicate began millions of years ago and evolved alongside the early hominids. China and India, two of the world’s oldest and most prosperous nations have had tremendous effects on neighboring countries for millions of years, which include the use of both verbal and written language.The 1961 Census revealed that 1,652 languages are used in India alone, with 18 of them being considered major languages of the world. The official language of the government and well-educated individuals is Hindi, although the numerous State Governments within India are free to select any of the many Indian languages as their official language. Sanskrit, the original and sacred language of India has greatly affected South Asia, specifically the Arabic language, which is essentially a derivative of Sanskrit.Mandarin Chinese, the official and most prevalent language of China, has over 873 million fluent speakers as of 2005. However, the effect China’s language has had on its neighboring countries throughout history has been even more remarkable than the sheer number of speakers the language houses. In 111 BCE the Han Empire held control over Vietnam for close to a millennium, greatly impacting the Vietnamese language and writing style. Furthermore, Korea also became affected by the Chinese language when taken over by Chinese leaders during the first century BCE.In addition Chinese Buddhism and Confucianism aided in the spread of written Chinese across East Asia, which also prompted the modification of central governments in Japan, Vietnam, and Korea. Written Chinese thus became the language of politicians and scholars, uniting the nations by means of transcribed communication. The Spread of Religious Systems The Religions Of India (2003) website states that a number of world religions originated in India, and others that started elsewhere found fertile ground for growth there (para. 5).The most prevalent religions of India include Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism. As of 2011 there are an estimated 750 million followers of Hinduism, 350 million Buddhist, and 4. 2 million Jainism followers worldwide (para. 9). The spread of Buddhism, a branch of Hinduism, has spread and affected much of East Asia, including China. Indeed, Buddhism is the dominant religion of China, winning in popularity over Chinese born religions Confucianism and Taoism. It was in China, however, that Buddhism gained popularity and spread worldwide.Taoism, a religious philosophy formed by Tao-Te Ching, gained reputation and followers in the island nation of Japan more so than in China. However, it was during the same time period that Tao-Te Ching shaped Taoism that the more popular and politically excepted religion of Confucianism, created by Chinese philosopher Confucius, made way in China. The teachings and principles of Confucianism were quickly adopted by other Asian countries such as Japan, Korea, and Vietnam. The Effect of India and China on the Global Economy and Regional EconomicsSince the beginning of India and China’s history the two countries have had a large impact on the surrounding countries through import and export. Ancient Chinese history reveals historical national focus on industry, trade and commerce, and agriculture as key economic activities; requirements for a prosperous economy to flourish. Furthermore, the Silk Route (beginning in China) stretched 4,000 miles across Asia in order to trade resources with not only other Asian nations, but Europe as well. As of today China is the world’s second largest economy.Furthermore, China’s political history has aided in shaping modern Asia in several ways. Confucianism, for example, has played a large role in much of Asia’s political as well as social systems. Also, the Ch’in Dynasty began and formed the first functioning empire-a political system used in many parts of early Asia, but it wasn’t until the T’ang Dynasty that a more modern shape took place in Chinese politics when government officials were selected to aid the emperor in ruling the Chinese Empire.Lastly, the Chinese military system has greatly influenced the workings of other Asian nation’s military structure. India was the first Asian nation to fully adopt democracy (and is the world’s largest), with its neighbors trailing behind by forming similar political systems, such as Japan, which is a parliamentary representative democratic monarchy. Additionally, India became one of the original members of the United Nations and has continued to be active in UN debates.Economically the Spice Trade was the first trade route that connected imports and exports from Europe to Southern Asia. Moreover, India has continued to be a chief participant in global trade, and has excelled in their scientific accomplishments. States Jayati Ghosh, a professor of economics at Jawaharlal Nehru University, Indias growth [in the global market] is strongly related to internal and external liberalization measures that generated booms in some domestic economic activities (Ghosh, 2012).While the world has seen much change over the course of human history the impact of India and China has been tremendous in regards to many of Asia’s political systems, religions, and languages both verbal and written. Furthermore, the world has been affected by China and India’s booming economies of imports and exports, causing the indication of a new world power to become virtually eminent. Through further globalization as well as liberalization these two power-houses have nowhere to go but up in the economic hemisphere.

The Best Way for a Reporter to Cover a Speech

The Best Way for a Reporter to Cover a Speech Covering speeches, lectures and forums – any live event that basically involves people talking - might seem easy at first. After all, you just have to stand there and take down what the person says, right? In fact, covering speeches can be tricky for the beginner. Indeed, there are two big mistakes novice reporters make when covering a speech or lecture for the first time. They dont get enough direct quotes (in fact, Ive seen speech stories with no direct quotes at all.)They cover the speech chronologically, writing it out in the order it occurred like a stenographer would. Thats the worst thing you can do when covering a speaking event. So here are some tips on how to cover a speech the right way, the very first time you do it. Follow these, and youll avoid a tongue-lashing from an angry editor. Report Before You Go Get as much information as you can before the speech. This initial reporting should answer such questions as: What’s the topic of the speech? What’s the background of the speaker? What’s the setting or reason for the speech? Who’s likely to be in the audience? Write Background Copy Ahead of Time Having done your pre-speech reporting, you can bang out some background copy for your story even before the speech begins. This is especially helpful if you’ll be writing on a tight deadline. Background material, which typically goes at the bottom of your story, includes the kind of information you gathered in your initial reporting – the background of the speaker, the reason for the speech, etc. Take Great Notes This goes without saying. The more thorough your notes, the more confident you’ll be when you write your story. Get The â€Å"Good† Quote Reporters often talk about getting a â€Å"good† quote from a speaker, but what do they mean? Generally, a good quote is when someone says something interesting, and says it in an interesting way. So be sure to take down plenty of direct quotes in your notebook so youll have plenty to choose from when you write your story. Forget Chronology Don’t worry about the chronology of the speech. If the most interesting thing the speaker says comes at the end of his speech, make that your lede. Likewise, if the most boring stuff comes at the start of the speech, put that at the bottom of your story – or leave it out entirely. Get The Audience Reaction After the speech ends, always interview a few audience members to get their reaction. This can sometimes be the most interesting part of your story. Watch For The Unexpected Speeches are generally planned events, but it’s the unexpected turn of events that can make them really interesting. For instance, does the speaker say something especially surprising or provocative? Does the audience have a strong reaction to something the speaker says? Does an argument ensue between the speaker and an audience member? Watch for such unplanned, unscripted moments – they can make an otherwise routine story interesting. Get a Crowd Estimate Every speech story should include a general estimate of how many people are in the audience. You don’t need an exact number, but there’s a big difference between an audience of 50 and one of 500. Also, try to describe the general makeup of the audience. Are they college students? Senior citizens? Business people?

Planning the Audit Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Planning the Audit - Coursework Example rly attributed to the fact that fraud is often strategic in nature rather than random and the auditors may sometimes fail to detect potential fraud in the low risk audit areas when there is no sufficient audit procedure. One of the major findings of the paper is that the undetected misstatements among low risks accounts are significantly more common than what is suggested by the traditional risk assessment procedures. However, the results of the research particularly suggest that prompting the auditors to consider the how the organizational management may anticipate or exploit the risk assessments of the auditors may significantly help in the reduction of the number of incidences of undetected misstatements. The other important findings of the research include that the management are often more likely to act strategically by targeting the low risk accounts in order to conceal misstatement and auditors normally fail to detect misstatements in low risk accounts. This is largely based on the assumption that auditors would override the already existing process to personally include the misstatement in the low-risk account. This research paper is critically important to the upcoming or the already established auditors in the understanding of risk based instruct in financial statements preparations. This paper instructs the auditors to focus audit attention and resources majorly on the accounts that are preferably considered to be high-risk oriented for a specified audit engagement (Bowlin 2011). One of the implications of this paper to accounting profession is induction measure into strategically low-risk accounts to disguise misstatement. The research methodology used in the research as a basis for the conclusion involved subjecting 123 participants derived from accounting students enrolled in upper-division classes to computer based simulations related to audit engagement. The students were then paired in such a way that one represented an auditor while the other a

Governments and Markets Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Governments and Markets - Research Paper Example Review of the Speech Eliot Laurence Spitzer is an American citizen and lawyer. He is also a renowned commentator and politician. In his speech at Harvard University on government and marketplace, Eliot Spitzer addresses a wide variety of issues on the relationship between government and the economic domain. Basing his arguments on experience especially as a former state attorney general and a later as the New York governor, he discussed issues such as government intervention, the limits of government interference and means of reforming the corporate governance (Zimmerman, 2005). Gov. Eliot Spitzer divides his speech into three distinct and comprehensive areas. These are outlined as follows: the parameters of government intervention in the market place, response to the media cases and the reflection on proper governance. Eliot Spitzer observes that government involvement in the present-day American economy is limited. Gov. further divides his first subject of the speech into three are as of study. According to Eliot Spitzer, only the government can enforce rules relating to the integrity and transparency in the market place. ... He precisely points out the government’s weakness in carrying out unrealistic projects that he terms as â€Å"too big to fill.† According to him, too big to fill is too big not to fill. He further emphasizes that the US and its people needs new laws and not regulators who do not want to use the powers they have for the good of the economy. In accordance with his view, such regulators are only interested in creating crises of which they take advantage to get more power and promotions. On proper governance, he cites recent statistics on the ratio of the average CEO’s compensation to that of the average worker, which has unexpectedly grown from 40:1 to 550:1. On the other hand, he claims that the CEOs do not really provide value ten times the average worker in their respective places of work. He also criticizes the shareholders who are not interested in taking the much tougher task of reforming such corporations. Concepts Agreed with Eliot Spitzer’s view on t he role of the government in enforcing laws and regulations that relate to the integrity and transparency in the market is a brilliant idea. The market is only a single aspect in the coordination process of economic mechanisms (Stonehouse, 2004). The mechanism, however, consists of the market, government, and other firms. Without proper enforcement of non-price factors and laws, the market cannot function efficiently. The market mechanism can only handle gradual and secondary transformations. However, it is not enough to accelerate the development of supply competence and endorse self-motivated comparative advantage only. Consequently, some amount of government intervention is requisite to harmonize market forces at every level of market growth (Marquardt, 2012). However, the

Globalization and Feminism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Globalization and Feminism - Essay Example The effects of globalization on the theories of feminism establish the relationship between the capital and gender, exploitation of the women workforce. Feminism has played a significant role in the process of globalization and economic progress all over the world. From the perspective of feminism, the phenomenon of globalization has led to the discrimination of gender in terms of control over capital and resources (Hawkesworth, 2006, p.37). The male sections of the society has dominated and gained control over the majority of resources, opportunities of livelihood and employment. There are, however, instances where the women have been able to grab the opportunities in the course of economic progress, a major section of the women labour force have lost control over their work in the process of globalization. Women have obtained job opportunities in the skilled areas of Information Technology, Computer software, etc, the semi and unskilled women labours, agricultural workers have lost their occupation to the forces of globalization. Discussion: globalization and feminism The theories of feminism are based primarily on two basic assumptions. ... On one side, when the increase in participation of women in the labour force have created job opportunities and provided a means of livelihood and independence to women, the women on the other hand has also been subjected to discrimination and humiliation. The women in the Middle-East are hired as working maids for the families in order to support the homemakers of the family. Thus the engagement of a woman labour for the help of another woman is an act of exploitation (Sarkar, 2007, p.5). The rise in the income level of the families due to the phenomenon of globalization has provided jobs to the women section of the society and at the same time increased their possibility of exploitation apart from providing them economic freedom. Globalization has produced new discourse in various field of occupation. The involvement of several sections of the society has produced new instances in the field of politics. The feminists believe that the phenomenon of globalization has not been able to produce a condition of equality among the men and the women. There have been various landmark initiatives in the political course of action like the increase in the number of women representatives in the parliament, activities for ensuring women rights, education and livelihood for women, etc. Although the economic and political scenario has changed in the process of globalization, the exploitation and the discrimination towards women have not changed to a great deal (Beneria, 2003, p.47). The process of globalization is challenged by the various political and social resistances. The cultural and religious roots of the society could not easily be transformed and the spread of economic activities as globalization